Vietnam by train: see ever changing country from the Reunification Express on its 31-hour trip north

While “express” is something of a misnomer – a non-stop journey between the two cities takes 31 hours – the train journey is a great way to understand Vietnam’s size, ever changing landscape and cultural diversity; thankfully, the trip can be split into shorter, more manageable shorter segments.

This it not only an economical way to travel, but is also a more environmentally sustainable travel experience, and a more interesting one as well, and many of Vietnam’s top attractions are within easy reach of stations along the route.

Ho Chi Minh City is the ideal place to start the journey. Its French-colonial architecture, museums about the conflicts of the last century, and spacious parks contrast with the glass-and-steel skyscrapers and construction work that is rapidly reshaping its skyline.

Trains leave from bustling Ga Saigon – the Vietnamese have made the French word for station, gare, their own. The metre-high portrait of Ho Chi Minh overlooking the waiting area is dwarfed by giant billboards for air conditioners amid the organised chaos of the waiting area – hundreds buying last-minute provisions, repacking voluminous luggage, and saying goodbye to loved ones.

Long-distance trains offer a variety of carriage options – from wooden seats to sleeping compartments with four or six beds, to a small number of two-bed VIP ones – and provide a more intimate and interesting travel experience than flying. It is the noisier option, though, as the combination of carriages rattling on old rails, food sellers hawking their boiled corn, snacks and drinks, and children playing mean that headphones or ear plugs are worth bringing to help with sleep.

Once the train leaves behind the sprawl of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam’s rural beauty is soon visible from the windows on both sides of the train – conical straw hats bobbing on the heads of workers tending rice fields alongside water buffalo and ancestral family shrines.

The Po Klong Garai Cham Towers visible from the left-hand window announce the train’s arrival at Thap Cham station after almost seven hours. The station is only a short walk from the two 13th century Hindu temples perched on a low hill, remnants of the once powerful Champa empire that ruled much of the centre of the country for more than 1,000 years.

Continuing northwards, you can stop to sample the popular golden sands of Nha Trang beach, touted as one of the best in Vietnam. Snorkelling and scuba diving amid the reefs in Nha Trang Bay is a very accessible way to enjoy Vietnam’s natural beauty. There are also temples and waterfalls to explore.

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North of Nha Trang, the railway line hugs the coast and the landscape seen from the train windows becomes more varied. Jagged limestone karsts jut out from the fields, splinters of the mountainous ridge that delineates much of Vietnam’s western border with Cambodia and Laos, and the views of rice fields and villages continue to roll by.Hue, almost in the middle of the country, is also worth a stop. Once the capital of Vietnam, the city is famed for the architecture of the Nguyen Lords, the nominal rulers of French-controlled Vietnam until 1945.

The Imperial Citadel once dominated Hue, but destructive fighting during the French and American wars – as Vietnamese call the war for independence and the Vietnam war – left it badly damaged, and only a fraction of it remains today; yet this is still a sight to behold, as are the various royal tombs – in various states of dilapidation – that dot Hue’s fringes and the splendour of towering Thien Mu pagoda, possibly the country’s most famous Buddhist building.

North of Hue, trees start to replace palms. We are now solidly north of the demilitarised zone that divided the country during the Vietnam war in the 1960s and early 1970s, and bomb craters are still visible near bridges and train stations – now filled with water, they make convenient ponds.

Church spires increasingly rise above the towns and villages, a reminder that at least seven per cent of the country identifies as Catholic – a legacy of the French colonial era that has survived the various stages of the now-communist country’s transformation.

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Alight at Dong Hoi station to visit Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, home to caves that include the world’s biggest and third largest. The massive Phong Nha cave is one of the most accessible in the area, reached via a boat ride along the Son River.

Hanoi is the northern terminus of the Reunification Express. Its tree-lined roads and French architecture offer a contrast to frenetic and ever-changing Ho Chi Minh City, even if the traffic is largely the same.

It is home to some great museums and parks, among them Ho Chi Minh Museum, which sits amid sprawling parkland at the Ho Chi Minh Memorial complex, so you can get a dose of nature and culture in one visit. Stay a while to try the famous egg coffee or enjoy a walk around some of the numerous lakes while considering where to go next.

The city has great transport links for further travel. While the popular Ha Long Bay is reachable by train, as is China to the northeast, try instead taking the train line up to Lao Cai, then a bus to Sapa. Mount Fansipan, at over 3,100 metres the tallest peak in Vietnam (and in former Indochina), towers over the town. Walks and hikes in this area afford views of mountains, terraced rice fields, and an introduction to the lives of the diverse local ethnic groups.

From Sapa, buses travel to neighbouring China or Laos, allowing further slow travel adventures across Southeast Asia; it is possible to travel by bus or train across Indonesia’s Java island, and the length of Malaysia and Thailand, and Cambodia’s ageing rail network is being revitalised.

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The Reunification Express remains Southeast Asia’s most famous rail journey, and taking the train – whether for a few hours at a time or the full two-day experience – offers a views of Vietnam that flying never can. Fellow passengers may include families travelling to visit relatives, businesspeople transporting boxes of products, boisterous young army conscripts on home leave, or travellers drawn, like you, to the experience – all of whom add colour to photographs, diary entries and memories of the journey.

If you go: for more information about the trains travelling the Reunification Express route visit seat61.com. You can book your onward train journey when you arrive at each station to allow you some flexibility, but aim to get your tickets at least 1 day in advance to ensure availability.

Bring a mug, noodles and coffee or tea to make best use of the free hot water on board. Food sellers offer everything from fresh fruit to boiled eggs. The restaurant car also offers refreshment. Vegetarian options are limited, so plan ahead if you have specific dietary needs.

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Getting there: VietJet, Hong Kong Airlines, Cathay Dragon and Vietnam Airways offer frequent direct flights between Hong Kong and Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi).

From Ho Chi Minh City, buses head north to Cambodia, or west into the Mekong Delta. Buses and trains leave Hanoi for China, where connections allow rail travel all the way to Europe.

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